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Stockholm, National Library, B 172 (Codex Aboensis; Codex f.d. Kalmar). Magnus Eriksson’s Landslag

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Magnus Eriksson’s Landslag.

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Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici

Aikamääre

1430-1439
1430s

Oikeudet

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Formaatti

Parchment

Kieli

Swedish

Identifiointitunnus

Stockholm
National Library
B 172
Codex Aboensis
Codex f.d. Kalmar

Kattavuus

Sweden

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Stockholm, National Library, B 172 (Codex Aboensis; Codex f.d. Kalmar). Magnus Eriksson’s Landslag
1430s
Sweden
(
Turku diocese
)
Magnus Eriksson
’s
Landslag
.
Earlier facsimile in
Corpus Codicum Suecicorum Medii Aevi, vol. I
and in
Codex Aboensis
. It should be noted that the paper leaves added to this manuscript are not represented in the former (older) facsimile, and in the latter they appear in an order which does not represent their actual arrangement.
I: Fols. A–B, 1–10: Pastedowns and later additions.
Fol.
Av
(originally a pastedown): (fol.
Ar
has a paper leaf pasted to it) Notes relating to office holders in
Ostrobotnia
(saec.
XVI
). Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 213
.
Fol.
Bv
(originally a pastedown): Provenance information, historical notes, and notes (saec.
XVII
) relating to the laws in
Latin
and
Swedish
. Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 213–214
.
Fols.
1r
–
2v
: Various court rulings and regulations (in a hand of
saec. XVI
).
[1r]
(
Klas Fleming
’s ruling regarding the use of areas of water in Finland, cf.
REA 337
) Allom them thetta breff höra ... en nw huar theth gådz liggia;
[1r]
(Excerpts from laws, see
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 204
). Huilken som locker och lægrar ...
[2v]
... som j andra kallad vittnessmooll. (fol. 3 is blank; fol.
4r
contains only an erased note; fol.
4v
is blank)
Fols.
5r
–
7r
: Royal confirmations of the laws (in a hand of
saec. XVII
). Ed.
Schlyter 1834, 3–6
;
Schlyter 1838, 1–4
;
Schlyter 1869, 1–4
. Cf.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 204–205
.
[
5r
–v]
Konung Birges stadfestelse öffuer lagen dateret j Stockholm Anno 1296
(ottunda dagh efter sanchte staffans dagh åm Juletima). [
6r
–v]
Konung Magnus Erichsons festelse öffuer Lagen datiret J suderchöping Anno 1327
(S. Laurentze afton)
[7r]
Kong Christoffer af Beierens Stadfestelse öfuer Laghen och priuilegiernes
...
[8r]
Datum Stocholmis in Crastino Sanctorum Philippi et Iacobi apostolorum Anno domini Millesimo quadringentesimo quadragesimo secundo. (An oath formula)
Iuramentum militum
. Jak bider mik swå ... eptir mina betzsta förmogan. (fol.
8v
is blank).
Fol.
9r
–v: Legalistic quotations from the Bible. Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 205–206
.
[9r]
Wee thenn som för sigh sielfwe ...
[9v]
Obekendom manne gifz icke wiidzordh. (fol. 10 is blank).
II:
Calendar
and
Magnus Eriksson
’s
Landslag
Fol.
1r
–
6v
: A calendar for the
Diocese of Turku
(January–December). Edited in
Vilkuna 1977b, 44–55
.
Fol.
7r
–
21v
:
Upplandslag
’s
Kyrkobalken
. Ed.
Schlyter 1834, 8–86
.
[7r]
Hær byrias kirkio balker ok tælias j flokar xxii
. (Index 1–22) Wm kirkio bygningh ...
[8v]
A crist skulu alle cristner throæ ...
[21v]
... then the fællæ wiliæ Amen. (followed by a short note in German).
Fol.
22r
–
120v
:
Magnus Eriksson
’s
Landslag
. Each chapter preceded by an index, Ed.
Schlyter 1862, 1–371
. With the insertion of
Gårdzrätt
after KB (cf.
Klemming 1868–1881, 53–57
)
[22r]
Hær
byrias konugs balker ok tælias y honom flokkar fyræ ok trætighi etc
. (Index 1–34) Wm suerikis konungx rike ...
[23r]
Eth konungx Rike som hethir suerike haffuer ...
[33r]
... allom konungx dombruthum.
Her byriæs gardz rættir. ærlikæ höffdingæ konungx magnus
(Index, 1–14) Um man slaar annan
...
Hwilikin man een annan slaar j hæl giffwi liiff fore liiff ...
[35r]
... (14) skap och swena ligghia.
Her byriæs giffto balkir
(Index 1–23) Huilikinn lundhum man ...
[35v]
Vil man sik konw bidhiæ ...
[40r]
... (23) ather som werth war.
Hær byrias ærffdha balker ok tælias I honom flokkar twe och tiughu et cetar. Mærk ræth och læss ey wilt.
[40v]
(Index, 1–20)
Wm bondhe dör
...
[41r]
Aff laghinn skall man wiis wardæ.
Hær byrias ærffdha balkin. Och skal swa j hwarie lagsaghu dømas ... Dör bondhe eller husfrw ...
[45r]
... (22) halffth giffwis for hans siæll Amen.
Hær byrias Jordhæ balker och tælias j honom flokar ffyræ och trætighe
(index, 1–34) Huru fæm æra
...
[46r]
Merk wæl ærendhin.
j. Fæm ærw lagha fangh ...
[53r]
... (35) iordha ægandhe anladhæ allæn.
Hær byrias bygninghæ balker och tælias j honom flokkar attha och trætiughu
(Index, 1–37) Hurw böndher agæ byggiæ ...
[53v]
Dilige deum.
Uiliæ bøndher by aff nyo bygghiæ ellir liggir han ...
[74r]
... (38) som skils ji tiwffnædhæ balkenum etc.
Köpmala balker
(index 1–9) Wm lösöræ köpp ... Köper man aff andhrum hoffnæt ...
[76r]
... (9) standhe aa wizordum sinum ecce
ra
. (An added note)
[76v]
Thingmala balker
(index, 1–44) Hurw lagmadher aghir ...
[77v]
Nw skal man lagman wælia ...
[84v]
... (39) han san forfall haffwer ecce
ra
[85r]
Edzöre balker
(Index, 1–45) Wm nokor gör heemgango ...
[86r]
Ridhir man heem ath andhrum ...
[94r]
... (46) Tha skal tingh biwdhæs.
Hær byryas høghmælis balker
(index, 1–11) Först wm mordh ...
[94v]
Myrdhir madhir man eller konæ ...
[97r]
... (13) och swæriæ huars sins læsthum etc.
draapmala balkir meth wiliæ
(index 1–42) Kombir skilnadher ...
[98r]
Nw kombir skilnadher mannæ mellan dræpher ...
[104r]
... (42) ænnæn konunghir, tridhiæ hærædhe.
Nuncius est missus et non est ille reuersus. Portat quid petit tamen non ille redit.
[104v]
Hær byrias draapmala balker medh wadha och tælias j honom flokkar nitthan
(index, 1–19) Wm man hogghir ... ...
[105r]
Nw hogger man ath manne ...
[107v]
... (19) och tolff manna edhe etc.
Hær byrias saramalæ balker medh wilia ok tælias j honom flokkar adirthan
(index, 1–18) hwrw man skal annæn
...
[108r]
Nw wil man annæn til sara ...
[111r]
... (18) huarte konunghir eller karll.
Hær byrias Saramalæ balker medh wadha ok thælias ij honom flokkar Nyo
(index, 1–9) hogger man ath androm ...
[111v]
Epther laghom skal man haldhæ.
Hoggher man ath andrum och wardher annar ...
[112v]
... (9) siex manna ede.
[113r]
Hær byrias thywa balk
(index, 1–37) Wm man stiæl fæ ...
[114r]
Stiæl man fææ mans nøth eller ...
[120v]
... marker thet ær konungx eensak.
Fols.
120v
–
123v
:
Upplandslag
,
Konungsbalk
10–12
(excerpt). Cf.
Schlyter 1834, 94–101
.
[120v]
Ledungh
. Nw bindher konungher ledungh wth ...
[123v]
... æpther bruthin synom Amen. (Followed by a text on oaths, in
Latin
and in
Swedish
; a few faded annalistic notes; written in a hand of
saec. XV
) --- Jurat --- tria facit ... in hoc iuramenta. Han(?) som swer opa bokena han göri ... j thessom edhenom. Anno domini mccclxxxix captus est rex Albertus cum ... (the second note mentioning
Stockholm
is almost completely faded).
III: Later additions and pastedowns
Fol.
11r
: An oath, in
Swedish
. Limits for the
Ylänne
chapel (in a hand of
saec. XVI
). Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 206
.
[11r]
Huilkijn some edh swer wppå boken ... edhe betther gioret.
Thetta äre roogongh Emillan Ylädheboor och hele härädh som kallas häradz roor
. Försth roor peräuori ... talffkiffui etc.
Fols.
11v
–
12r
: King
Gustav
’s letter concerning the inhabitation of
Pohjanmaa
(
Ostrobothnia
). Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 206–207
.
[11r]
Wy Gustoff medt gudz nåde ...
[12r]
... datum upsala
6 Junij Anno 1551
.
Fol.
12v
:
Arbor consanguitatis
in Swedish (imperf.).
Fol.
13r
: The limits between
Ala-Satakunta
and
Vehmaa
. Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 207
.
[13r]
Roor emellan Satagund och emellan Abås stift till Norfinneland y Nedre hared ... perä ierffuen våren. (fols. 13v–14r are blank)
Fols.
14v
–
17r
: On astronomical signs, in Swedish (
saec. XVI
). Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 207–211
[14v]
Acies wedher
. Acies är got blodlathe på ...
[17r]
... thedh er altid gladh gladh och gerne.
Fol.
17v
: Borders between
Finland
and
Russia
. Ed. in
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 220
.
[17v]
Methe inter Finlandiam et ruthenium ... alijs literis continentur. (fol. 18 is blank)
Fols.
19r
–
21r
: King
Magnus Ladulås
’s
Stadga
. Cf.
DS 799
.
[19r]
Konungh Magnus Ladulås landzstadgar utskreffne utaf en gammel Lagbook Anno 1580
. Magnus Sueea konunger och Götha ...
[21r]
... efter wår herres födelse dagh thusend årom och tuhundrade och ottetio och femthe arena.
Fols.
21r
–
21v
: A list of those who collected the
Westgötalagen
. Cf.
Schlyter 1827, 295–297
[21r]
Här hettes napn there Mann ...
[21v]
... friloo barn gange från arffue sino.
Fol.
Cr
: Various notes in a hand of
saec. XVII
(fol.
Dr
is blank). Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 221–222
.
Parchment
Parchment, 123 folios + 4 parchment pastedowns + 21 paper folios
17cm × 24cm (11,5cm × 16,5cm)
Modern foliation in ink in the upper right margin of the parchment section. 21 paper folios added before (1–10) and after (11–21) the main section have a separate foliation (1–21) in pencil in the lower margin.
2
a–b
; II
4
+ (IV–2)
10
; III
6
+ (V+2)
18
+ (III–3)
21
+ 6(IV+2)
81
+ 4V
121
+ (II–2)
123
; (III–3)
13
+ I
15
+ III
21
; 2
c–d
Catchwords visible in the lower margin of fols.
41v
,
51v
,
61v
,
71v
,
81v
,
91v
,
101v
,
111v
.
The current binding features the two pastedowns as separate leaves at the front and two pastedowns as separate leaves at the back. In addition, ten paper leaves have been introduced at the front of the manuscript and eleven at the back. The main section has six quires with four bifolia and two singletons in each (fols. 11, 12, 19–21, 24, 28, 33, 39, 45, 49, 54, 58, 65, 69, 74, 78 are singletons). The original fol. 6 has been removed and replaced with a contemporary leaf pasted on to the stub.
Two of the watermarks on added fols. 1–21 have been identified. One is from Hallstadt
1536
(
Briquet 5030
) and another from Leiden
1538
(
Briquet 12631
) (see
Vilkuna 1977a, 12
; see also
Åström 2013, 174
).
The manuscript is in good condition. The parchment has been thoroughly scraped and is clean. There is some evidence of moisture damage in the upper margin of the leaves. On some occasions this has caused some wear to the illuminations.
one column with horizontal and vertical bounding lines; 25–29, mostly 27, lines of text
One main hand writing a cursive of
saec. XV
.
Wiktorsson (2004, 290–291)
argues the main scribe was active in the Stockholm region in the 1420s and 1430s and wrote other manuscripts connected to
Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
.
The calendar on fols. 1–6 is written in a textualis of
saec. XV
.
Other contemporary and later hands have made notes in the margins.
According to
Walde (1921, 237)
there are several additions written by the Swedish nobleman and book collector
Ture Bielke
(1548–1600). There are also various additions written by Bishop
Mikael Agricola
(fol.
133v
; see also
Walde 1921, 238–241
).
Initials are two- to three-line lombards alternating in red and green with occasional pen-flourishing. At the top of the page, carefully executed initials extend into the upper margin in red, black and green; they are adorned with miniatures, including human figures, animals, faces, seasonal and other themes. Rubrics, running-heads, and highlighting of majuscules are done in red. Paraphs in red and green.
According to
Wiktorsson (1985)
the scribe and illuminator are one and the same person. The style of the illuminations has been associated both with the church of
Tensta
and with the
Ärentuna
school (
Wiktorsson 1985, 36
).
Original covers (still in place in 1943) are nowadays removed and stored separately. They consist of dark brown calf on wooden boards. Simple blind-tooled decoration (rectangular frames). Remnants of two hook-clasps attached to the edges of the covers. There are several parchment fragments removed from the covers: One leaf from a
14th-cent.
missal
(containing the
Canon Missae
), presumably once used as a pastedown. One leaf from a
14th-cent.
legal text, presumably also once used as a pastedown. Several small fragments from the interior binding and stemming from a
13th-cent.
collection of sermons(?).
The binding has since been completely renovated. The modern binding consists of white leather over cardboard covers. Three flyleaves have been added at the front and back of the manuscript during the rebinding process. The parchment pastedowns (two at front and back) are entered at the beginning and end of the manuscript as separate leaves.
The main text of the manuscript is
Magnus Eriksson
’s
Landslag
, which is furnished with several skilfully illuminated initials. The manuscript is written in a careful cursive by one scribe. The illuminations may have been added by an artist associated with the school responsible for the paintings in
Tensta
church (but other schools have also been suggested).
A calendar contains certain feasts pointing towards the
diocese of Turku
. This, along with certain features of the illuminations, have prompted scholars to suggest a Finnish origin (
Vilkuna 1977a
). But more recently it has been suggested the manuscript was actually written in
Sweden
in the
1430s
for
Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
, (d. 1450) a nobleman and member of the king's council.
The feasts of St
Henry
(20 January),
dedicatio ecclesiae Aboensis
(17 June), and translation of St Henry (18 June) suggest that the calendar was written for the
diocese of Turku
. Its writing probably took place at the
first half of saec. XV
. However, there are certain additions that point towards the
diocese of Uppsala
, and it is possible that the actual writing of the calendar took place in Sweden (
Malin 1925, 107–110
).
On fol.
21v
a hand of saec. XVI writes a German note.
Wiktorsson (2004, 291)
suggests that the manuscript was passed down as inherited property and ended up in
Finland
in the hands of
Anna Hansdotter (Tott)
(d. 1549) around the
1520s
.
Additional sections were added later on and include some probably written in the hand of Bishop
Mikael Agricola
.
The manuscript has two texts added during
saec. XVI
(fols.
19r
–
21v
), which are related to another manuscript (
Stockholm, National Library, B 59
).
Beckman (1917, 82–83)
suggests that the two manuscripts were in the same place around the time of the writing (
c
.
1590
) of these segments. The additions written by
Ture Bielke
suggest the manuscript was in the possession of the Bielke family, possibly
Hogenskield Bielke
, during this time. From the Bielke family, the manuscript was possibly passed on to the Oxenstierna family and stayed with them at least until the beginning of
saec. XVIII
(
Wiktorsson (1981, 116)
presents a list of possible owners).
At
the end of saec. XVI
the manuscript was in the hands of the Bielke family. A list of possible owners can be followed until 1700 (
Wiktorsson 1981, 116
). In
1827
the book was donated to
Kalmar Gymnasiebibliotek
by
J. C. Lindbäck
. From Kalmar it was moved to the
National Library of Sweden
in
1884
(see fol.
Bv
).
Olav Ahlbäck – Aulikki Ylönen, ”Otteita ja selostuksia niistä muistiinpanoista, jotka on tehty käsikirjoitusta 1500–luvulla uudelleen sidottaessa siihen liitetyille paperilehdille”,
Codex Aboensis. Turun käsikirjoitus. Kommentaarit ja suomennokset
, Helsinki 1977.
Nathanael Beckman, ”Handskrifter som sammanträffat”,
Nordisk tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen 4
(1917), 82–83.
Codex Aboensis. Turun käsikirjoitus. Kommentaarit ja suomennokset
, Helsinki 1977.
Corpus Codicum Suecicorum Medii Aevi, vol. I
,
Lex Communis regni Sueciae vetustior (“Magnus Erikssons Landslag”) e Codice B 172 Bibl. Reg. Holm.
, ed. Henrik Cornell, Hafniae 1943.
G. E. Klemming,
Småstycken på forn svenska
, Stockholm 1868–1881.
Aarno Malin,
Der Heiligenkalender Finnlands. Seine Zusammensetzung und Entwicklung
, Helsingfors 1925, 107–110.
C. J. Schlyter,
Uplands-lagen
, Corpus iuris Sueo-Gotorum Antiqui, vol. 3, Stockholm 1834, XV–XVI (nr. 14).
C. J. Schlyter,
Södermanna-lagen
, Corpus iuris Sueo-Gotorum Antiqui, vol. 4, Lund 1838.
C. J. Schlyter,
Konung Magnus Erikssons Landslag
, Corpus iuris Sueo-Gotorum Antiqui, vol. 10, Lund 1862, XXVIII–XXIX (nr. 34).
C. J. Schlyter,
Konung Christoffers Landslag
, Corpus iuris Sueo-Gotorum Antiqui, vol. 12, Lund 1869.
Kustaa Vilkuna, ”
Codex Aboensis.
Käsikirjoitus ja sen historia”,
Codex Aboensis. Turun käsikirjoitus. Kommentaarit ja suomennokset
, Helsinki 1977a, 12–15.
Kustaa Vilkuna, ”Calendarium”,
Codex Aboensis. Turun käsikirjoitus. Kommentaarit ja suomennokset
, Helsinki 1977b, 43–65.
O. Walde, “En svensk boksamlare från Vasatiden. Hogenskild Bielke och hans bibliothek”,
Uppsala Universitets Minneskrift 1621–1921
, Uppsala 1921, 240–241.
Per–Axel Wiktorsson,
Avskrifter och skrivare. Studier i fornsvenska lagtexter
, Uppsala 1981, 105–116.
Per-Axel Wiktorsson, “En laghandskrift från 1400–talet och dess inkomst”,
Nordisk tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen 72
(1985), 33–41.
Per-Axel Wiktorsson, ”Handskrifter som mötts. Spår av ett stormansbibliotek i Uppland”,
Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna) och hans värld
, red. O. Ferm och S. Nyström, Stockholm 2004, 288–292.
Patrik Åström,
Vattenmärken i svenska medeltida laghandskrifter och Uppsala universitetsbiblioteks medeltida papperbrev
, Uppsala 2013.
Cataloguer
Ville Walta
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Creative Commons BY 4.0