Nimeke
Helsinki, National Library, C.IV.10. Dominican breviary with psalter
Kuvaus
A psalter and a Dominican breviary.
Julkaisija
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Aikamääre
1233-1265
Saec. XIII 2/3
Oikeudet
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Formaatti
Parchment (2 [a–b] paper)
Kieli
Latin
Identifiointitunnus
Helsinki
National Library
C.IV.10
National Library
C.IV.10
Kattavuus
England?
Helsinki, National Library, C.IV.10. Dominican breviary with psalter
Saec. XIII 2/3
,
England?
(prov. the Dominican
convent in London
, saec. XIV 2/4
[c. 1326?
]; the Nordic countries
, saec. XV
; diocese of Turku
saec. XV 4/4 or XVI¼
at the
latest)Two probably originally distinct but roughly contemporary books (I–II, copied
by three scribes, A–C): a
psalter
and a Dominican breviary
.I:
Psalter
Kyrieleison. Christe, Christe audi uos ...
... Dominus uobiscum, Et cetera.
Oratio
. Deus qui corda fidelium ... ...
Oratio
. Fidelium deus omnium conditor ... Per omnia secula
seculorum, Amen.II:
Dominican breviary
Fols. –, –; , defect; from the First Advent to the First Sunday after
Trinity, and from
proprium de
tempore
septuagesima in mensis Augusti
to the 25th
Sunday after Trinity.Notandum quod per
... ... [lectio
] VI
Ivit igitur Azael in occursum| [a
LXX .i.
mensis Augusti
] |eius, homines secum munera ... ...
ulterius repetanda.[313ra]
De officio dedicationis
. Notandum quod in ...
terminentur cum alleluia.Fols. –, –, –v, –, –; , defect; from the beginning up to
the office of
proprium de sanctis
Mary Magdalene
, with a misplaced
leaf, fol. 353
, at translatio B. Dominici
,
and, after several missing gatherings, the end of commune
sanctorum
. In quacumque die ... ... non es
confusus am|putare in femina ... ... Ad
matutinum inuitatorium. Assunt dominici leta sollempnia laude
multiplici plaudat ... ...
responsorium
nonum
in odoris.
Ad laudes et ad alias
...
Sancte Marie Magdalene
... ... et
capillis capitis sui | Yadum nomine qui iminente ...
... fit officium in conuentu
.In festo sancte ursule martyris et uirginis ad uesperas
capitulum
. Multe filie ...The Dominican nature of part II is most clearly seen in the presence of
totum duplex
feasts of the order’s saints (see e.g. translatio B.
on
fols. , and –v; Dominic
iPeter the
Martyr
on fols. , –). The breviary itself is
generally Dominican, but it has been intended for use in
England
, as can be seen from the calendar, with a number of
English feasts, which, however, cannot be found in the extant sanctoral cycle of the
breviary: 19.1. St Wulfstan
, three lessons; 18.3.
St Edward
, simplex
; 20.3.
St Cuthbert
, memoria
; 19.5.
St Dunstan
, three lessons; 26.5. St Augustine of Canterbury
, nine lessons; 17.6. St Botulph
, three lessons; 22.6. St Alban
, three lessons; 23.6. St Ethelreda
, memoria
; 2.7. St Swithun
, with the grade erased; 7.7. translation of St
Thomas Becket
, totum
duplex
; 16.11. St Edmund
, nine lessons;
20.11. St Edmund king and martyr
, totum duplex
.The calendar seems to allow a rather precise dating to the
middle of the thirteenth century
: the terminus
post quem
is set by the inclusion (in the calendar) of St Edmund of Abingdon
, archbishop of
Canterbury
, canonised in 1247
, while the calendar and the breviary proper ignore the Dominican
anniversary of the order’s buried members (7.7.), adopted in general councils
between 1263 and 1266
, and St Richard Wych
, bishop of Chichester
(3.4.), canonised in 1262
, which provide rough termini ante quem
(see Maliniemi 1944, 383–385
).The present manuscript has several additions, which provide information on the
binding together of parts I and II and the later provenance of the book. In the
early fourteenth century
the book belonged to a
London Dominican (fol. : ‘[5.11.] Dedicacio ecclesie fratrum predicatorum
londinensium totum duplex’; the hand also added the feast of St Thomas Aquinas
7.3. on , which seems
to date him: Thomas was canonized in 1323
and his feast was added to
the order’s calendar in 1326
). The same hand or one much like it wrote
several additions to part I (see e.g. fols. , , ).A hand of
saec. XV
has added Scandinavian feasts
(fol. : ‘[4.2.] Ansgar
ii simplex’ and ‘[15.2.]
Sigfrid
i duplex’), and a different, if probably
not much later, hand a series of votive masses introduced in the diocese
of Turku
in the late fifteenth
century
(fol. : ‘[23.2.] Missa votiva de trinitate’; fol. : ‘[26.5.]
Missa votiva [de beata virgine]’; fol. : ‘[26.8.] Missa votiva de angelis’; fol.
: ‘[20.11.] Missa votiva [de] omnibus sanctis’). The addition on fol. of St
Wenceslaus
(28.9.), three lessons, in a hand of
saec. XIV–XV
(in Scandinavia the saint had a
feast only at Turku
and Linköping
, so
Malin 1925, 104
), suggests that while only the votive masses
definitively situate the book there, the book may have been in the
diocese of Turku
already earlier in the fifteenth
century.parchment (2 [a–b] paper)
371 + 2 fols.
11cm × 15cm (7-8cm × 10,5-12cm)
11cm × 15cm (7-8cm × 10,5-12cm)
Modern foliation throughout the book in pencil in the upper right-hand
corner of every fifth folio.
1
[a]
+ III6
+
6VI78
+ I80
+ 9IX242
+ VI254
+ (XI–1)275
+ IX293
+ VIII309
+ (V–1)318
+ (IX–2)334
+ IX352
+ 1353
+ IX371
+ 1[b]
Part I comprises fols. 7–80, part II fols. 1–6 and 81–371. A
bifolium
(fols. 79–80) has been added to part I before or on
the occasion of its being bound with part II (possibly to replace a missing or
defective quire?) In part II feast days have been written in red in the upper
margins. Part II has been copied on thin and very finely finished parchment,
while the support of I is rather coarse. At the time of
the
19
rebinding the leaves were extensively
trimmed. At some point the outer edges of the folia have been treated with a
dark brown substance that stains the hands of the readers and through them the
pages. This ought to have happened after the leaves were last trimmed, but some
of the erasures impinge on the staining (see e.g. fol. ).th
-century26 (I: 22) lines in two columns, ruled in lead (I: ink); pricking not
visible.
I: Gothic bookhand written by two scribes, B (fols. –) and C
(fols. –); II: Gothic bookhand written by one scribe (A);
with several additions in various hands writing bookhand and cursive. Hands A and B
appear roughly contemporary, while C has a slightly later (
saec. XIV?
) look and is of distinctly lower quality.Two grades of pen-flourished lombards for section openings; within sections,
prayers and songs are marked with smaller lombards without flourishing; painted
alternately red and blue (A: e.g. , ; B: e.g. ). The highest-grade flourished lombards in part I are of better quality
than those in part II, although the general impression of part II is that it
displays a higher quality. There seem to have been two artists working on the
flourishing in part II, with a clear difference in skill: compare the inferior work
on
fols. 81–152, 310–318, 243–275 and 319–353
with the better quality
on fols. 153–243, 354–371
. The two may have worked together on
fols. 276–309
, cf. the red and blue flourishing on e.g.
fols. –. The decoration in the part copied by scribe C is
the roughest, with small lombards in red and blue and larger blue lombards without
flourishing.Nineteenth-century
rebinding in leather with raised bands; black laquer finish with
gilding. The spine reads, erroneously, ‘Missale’, and the front cover has been
blind-tooled with the National Library
’s stamp. It is likely
that the disorder of the contents arose on the occasion of this rebinding, executed
after the book entered the library’s collections in 1862
.>
Two books produced at roughly the same time, if probably not in the same
place: part II is a Dominican book copied for English Dominicans, perhaps by
commercial stationers, given the uniformity of the result, while part I is a
psalter
that in the early fourteenth century
was modified for English Dominican use. By this
time the two parts had been bound together and were in the possession of a London
Dominican. The book seems to have spent some time in England
, but had found its way
to the Nordic countries
, probably Sweden
, by the fifteenth century
. Although it may
have arrived before, it can be securely localised to the diocese of Turku
by the end
of the fifteenth or the beginning of the sixteenth century
, through the addition of
the votive mass days particular to the diocese. It is possible that the movements of
the book are explicable through the movements of Dominican preachers, but once in
the diocese of Turku
the book was probably used by a parish priest.Several additions testify to the medieval provenance of the book; for these see
Contents
, above.On the inside of the front cover, the
blue stamp of the ;
Helsinki University
Library
(now National Library), and on the inside of the back cover
(in pencil) “Konkord. 1862.A.9” and the current shelfmark (in ink): “C.IV.10”. The
book was found in an unknown parish church in Satakunta
by student David
Skogman
in 1861
(see Skogman 1864
,
where the book is not explicitly mentioned; the only parish where he reports having
found manuscripts was Sastamala, at 129) and donated to the Finnish
Literature Society
, which in turn donated it to the then University
Library in 1862
(see the protocols of the society in
Suomi
2:2, 1864, 221 and 242Maliniemi 1944, 383 n. 2
).Cataloguer
Jesse Keskiaho
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
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