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Turku, Library of Åbo Akademi, D 71/163 + Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society (SKS), Literary Archives, Historica I, Kyriale-fragment. Graduale Tammelense

Kuvaus

A medieval gradual for the diocese of
Turku (pt. I), to which a Lutheran gradual (pt. II) has
been added.

Julkaisija

Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici

Aikamääre

1475-1566
I: Saec. XV 4/4 - XVI 1/2; II: Saec. XVI 2/3

Oikeudet

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Formaatti

Paper

Kieli

Latin
Finnish

Identifiointitunnus

Turku
Library of Åbo Akademi
D 71/163
Graduale Tammelense
Helsinki
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Literary Archives
Historica I, Kyriale-fragment

Kattavuus

Diocese of Turku

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Turku, Library of Åbo Akademi, D 71/163 + Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society (SKS), Literary Archives, Historica I, Kyriale-fragment. Graduale Tammelense
I:
saec. XV 4/4 – XVI
1
; II:
XVI 2/3
; both parts,
diocese of Turku
A medieval
gradual
for the
diocese of Turku
(pt. I), to which a Lutheran
gradual
(pt. II) has been added. (A low-quality digital facsimile:
http://bibbild.abo.fi/Tammela/graduale/index.htm
.)
Fol. 1, front flyleaf, verso blank, recto inscribed in a hand of
saec. XIX
(see below, under Provenance).
I: fols. 3–4, 13–15, 17–146. The sanctorale part of the manuscript is heavily selective, beginning, as is usual, in late November (the feast of St
Andrew
), but apparently skipping January, including only
Purificatio Mariae
from February, skipping March, including only the Feast of St
Mark
from April, skipping May and the beginning of June but including, from St
John the Baptist
onwards, the duplex feasts up to
Visitatio Mariae
, then skipping the rest of July, and from August including only St
Lawrence
and from September only
Michael the Archangel
and skipping October completely; including most of the duplex feasts of November, and then appending
Nativitas Mariae
(8 September), St
Henry
’s
translatio
(18 June, making it virtually certain we are dealing with a book copied for use in the
diocese of Turku
) and Corpus Christi (from the temporale series, the Thursday after Trinity Sunday). The index, rubrics, and marginalia in the
de sanctis
-part (for the marginalia see e.g. fol.
95r
–v) suggests that these omissions were to be compensated for by fetching the individual chants of the missing offices from the proper and common offices included, as is also suggested by the rather sizeable
commune
-part.
Fols.
3r
4v
, index to the
proprium de sanctis
, with directions for locating the chants common to several Feasts.
[3r]
Jn die b. andree Officium K iiij ...
[4v]
... Philippi et Jacobi Officium ... tempore vo.
Fols.
13r
15v
,
17r
25v
,
gloria
-melodies, and
proprium de tempore
from first Advent to Epiphany.
[13r]
Gloria patri et filio ...
[13v]
secula seculorum amen.
[14r]
Dominica in aduentu Domini officium
. Ad te leuaui animam meam ...
[25r]
In epiphania domini officium
. Ecce aduenit dominator dominus ...
[25v]
... Reges tharsis et insule ... omnes reges terre.
Fols.
26r
87v
,
proprium de tempore
, from the second Sunday after Epiphany to the 23rd Sunday after Trinity.
[26r]
de interitum eorum.
Versus
. Confiteantur domino misericordie ...
[86v]
... Dominica xxiii officium ... Dicit dominus ego cogito ...
[87v]
Amen dico uobis ... et fiet uobis.
Fols.
87v
88v
, office for the dedication of a church or an altar.
[87v]
In dedicacione Ecclesie Vel altaris Officium Misse
. Terribilis est locus iste ...
[88v]
... et pulsanti aperietur. Alleluya, alleluia, Alleluya.
Fols.
88v
99v
,
proprium de sanctis
, the Feasts of Sts
Andrew
,
Stephen
,
John the Evangelist
,
Thomas the Apostle
(?),
Purificatio Mariae
, Sts
Mark the Evangelist
,
John the Baptist
,
Peter
,
Paul
,
Visitatio Mariae
, Sts
Lawrence
,
Michael the Archangel
, All Saints, the four crowned martyrs, Sts
Martin
,
Catherine
,
Nativitas Mariae
, St
Henry
, Corpus Christi.
[88v]
In die beati Andree apostoli
...
versus
Dilexit Andream dominus ... secuti sunt dominum.
Sanctae Nicolai Officium
... Et enim sederunt ...
[89v]
... nesciunt quid faciunt
. In die beati [j]ohannis ewangeliste [o]fficium
... Exiit sermo inter fratres ...
[90r]
... quia non sunt.
[90v]
V (followed by two lines of notation but no text, then:)
Thome episcopi et martyris
... Qui seminant in lacrimis ...
[91r]
... manet in seculum seculi.
Jn purificacione sancte mariae
... Suscepimus deus misericordiam ...
[92v]
... nomen eius emanuel.
[93r]
Sancti marci euangeliste officium
. Protexisti me deus ... fert fructum multum alleluia.
Jn festo sancti iohannis baptiste officium
. De uentre matris me ...
[93v]
... parare vias eius.
[94r]
In festo sancti petri apostoli officium
. Nunc scio vere qui ... edificabo ecclesiam meam.
In comme
[
mo
]
racione pauli o
[
fficium
] Scio cui credidi ...
[94v]
... digne est glorificandus.
In festo visitacionis beate Marie uirginis Officium
. Gaudeamus omnes in domino ...
[95r]
... elizabetus humiliter visitare.
Feria quinta
Jn die beati laurencij Officium misse
Confessio et pulchritudo ...
[95v]
... et minister meus erit.
Sancti Michaelis Archangeli Officium Misse
. Benedicite dominus omnes angeli ...
[96v]
... exaltate eum in secula.
In Die omnium sanctorum Officium
. Gaudeamus sub honore ... . rectos decet collaudatio. Gloria
. Commemoratione omnium sanctorum responsorium
. Requiem eternam dona ...
[97r]
... eterne beatitudine perfrui.
Pro presenti defuncto et quando pro aliquid specialiter
bratur
celebratur
. Si ambulem in ...
[98r]
... quia pius es.
Sanctorum iiij coronatorum officium
...
versus
Dic martinus pauper ... ympnis celestibus honoratur. Alleluya. ...
Sancte catherine virginis
...
In nativitate beate marie virginis
[98v]
versus
Natiuitas gloriose virginis ... .regnat in eternum. (In another hand:) Gaudeamus omnes in domino ...
[99r]
... iubilate deo iacob
[99v]
O (followed by three lines of notation without text, then:) Alleluya. Caro mea vere est cibus ... in meam commemorationem.
Fols.
100r
122v
,
commune sanctorum
(completed by a later hand in
1546
).
[100r]
Sanctis apostolis in genere officium
(in a later hand)
Michi autem nimis honorati
sunt ...
[104r]
super eum, Gloria.
Jn communi unius martyris Officium
. Letabitur iustus in domino ...
[108v]
... crucem suam et sequatur me.
Jn commune plurimorum martyrum Officium
. Intret in conspectu tuo ...
[122v]
... omnem uiam iniquitatis odio (in another hand) habui. Quinque prudentes virgines ... obiuiam Christo domino etc. a d 1546.
Fols.
123r
129r
,
kyriale
(
unfinished
)
[123r]
K (followed by three lines of notation and initials without text, then:) Gloria in excelsis ...
[129r]
... dona nobis pacem. K (followed by a line with initials and a part of the notation; fol.
129v
has bare staves only).
Fols.
130r
146v
,
sequentiarium
.
[130r]
Alleluia. Jn die resurrectionis mee ... vos in galileam. A (followed by eight lines of notation and initials but without text)
[130v]
Salue sancta parens ... Post partum virgo inuiolata ... Benedicta et venerabilis es ... Virgo dei genitrix ... In sole posuit tabernaculum ...
[131r]
... Recordare virgo mater ... Ave regina celorum ...
[131v]
In natiuitate domini
...
purificatione marie sequentia
. Letabundus exulted fidelis chorus ... [
D
]
e pasche
[
seque
]
nti
a
et
...
sequentibus
. Victime paschali laudes ...
[132r]
... Virginis Marie laudes ...
[132v]
... [
De a
]
scensione
[
s
]
equentia
. Omnes gentes plaudite ...
[133r]
... Rex omnipotens die hodierna ...
[134r]
...
Jn die
[
pente
]
costes
. Sancti spiritus assit ... [1345r]
Sequentia de sancto Georgo
(in a later hand)
Georgio
. Singularis Gregorius ...
[135v]
...
Euan
[
gelis
]
tis sequen
[
ti
]
a
, Jocundare plebs fidelis ...
[136v]
... [
Sequ
]
entia
de
[
sanct
]
e
crucis
. Veneremur crucis signum ...
[137r]
...
Sequentia de sancto amb
[
rosio
.] Ave gemma presulum ...
[138r]
...
De com
[
passi
]
one
Glo
[
riosi
]
virgin
[
is ma
]
rie
. Stabat iuxta Christi crucem ...
[138v]
... [
S
]
equentia
[
de sa
]
ncto
eri
[
co
] Gratulemur dulci prosa ...
[139v]
... [
De co
]
rpore
[
Christ
]
i sequen
[
tia
] Lauda syon saluatorem ...
[141r]
...
De Sancto eskillo Sequ
[
entia
]. Hac in die gloriemur ...
[141v]
... [
De de
]
dicatione
[
eccle
]
siae
sequen
[
tia
] (in a later hand) Rex salomon fecit templum ...
[142r]
...
Sequentia de Sancto henrico
. Cetus noster letus esto ...
[142v]
... [
Sequ
]
entia
de
[
sanct
]
o
Joha
[
nnis
]
baptista
[e.] Precursorem summi regis ...
[143v]
... [
De
sa
]
ncto
[
Petro
?]
sequentia
. Jubar mundo geminatur ...
[144r]
...
Sequ
[
entia de
]
visit
[
atione
]
beate
m
[
arie
]
virg
[
inis
] Lauda sponsa genitricem ...
[145r]
...
Dominica patronorum regni
[
Svecie
] Extultauit angelorum chori ...
[146r]
...
Sequ
[
entia de
]
sancto
[
laurentio
]. Stola iocunditatis alleluia ...
[146v]
... in ecclesia decantando Alleluija.
II: fols. 2, 5–12 and 16.
Fol. 2, notation and initials without text
Fols.
5r
9v
: Fragment of a Lutheran
graduale
, with the
Minä uscon ydhen Jumalan
(the Nicaean Creed in
Finnish
, see
Kurvinen 1929, 215–216
),
Terue Jesu laupiudhen kuningas
(
Salve regina misericordiae
in
Finnish
, translated after the Lutheran German version
Getröstet sys tu, Jesu, eynn König der barmherticheit
; first found in
Mathias Westh’s Codex
;
Kurvinen 1929, 251–252
),
Sinä Christe seuracunnan pää
(
Virgo mater ecclesiae
in Finnish, a Lutheran translation first found in
Mathias Westh’s Codex
;
Kurvinen 1929, 252–253
),
Inhimisen wiheliäsyydest
(
Aff menniskiones arma wsellhet
in Finnish, first found in
Mathias Westh’s Codex
;
Kurvinen 1929, 240
),
Mö uscom ychdhen Jumalan päälle
(the Nicaean Creed [stated to be Athanasian in a scribal titulus] in Finnish, in a version of the translation found in
Mathias Westh’s Codex
?, imperf.; see
Kurvinen 1929, 254
).
[5r]
Minä uscon ydhen Jumalan ...
[6r]
... ja tuleuaisen mailman elämet. Amen. Finis.
[6v]
Loco officii Missae vel pro graduali interdum secundum occasionem temporis
.Terue Jesu laupiudhen kuningas ... Sinä Christe
[7r]
seuracunnan pää ...
[7v]
...
De creatione hominis, lapsu et restauratione eiusdem per christum
. Inhimisen wihleitzyeste tule meidhen caicein ...
[9v]
... pyhen hengen cansa, amen
. Symbolum fidei iuxta Athanasium
. Mö uscom ychdhen Jummala päle, Jsen caickiualdian ... pyhä hengen cautta Ja meiss että |
Fols.
16v
,
12r
–v,
10r
–v,
11r
–v,
kyriale
in Finnish, imperf. in the middle. (What is now
Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, Literary Archives, Historica I,
Kyriale
-fragment
probably belongs between fols. 10 and 11.)
[16v]
De summis festis
. Herra armadha meidhen pellen ...
De Semiduplicibus cantus
. Herra armada ... armadha meidhen pellen.
[12r]
Herra armadha meidhen ...
[12v]
...
Sanctus
. Pyhae pyhae pyhae herra Juma-
[10r]
la zebaoth teudet ouat ... O Jumalan caritza ...
[10v]
...
Sanctus de duplicibus festis
. Pyhae pyhae pyhae ... caritza joca poisotat [mailman synnit anna meille rauha] (the last line of the folio has been cut out)
[Kyriale-fragment, (1)r]
ia hyuestisiugnaus. Kijttäken ia cunnioittacam herra ...
De Sancto Spiritu
. Herra armadha meidhen ...
[Kyriale-fragment, (2)r]
... isen iumalan herraudhes. Amen.
Sanct
[
us
]. Pyhä, pyhe, pyhe herra ... [(2)v] ... O Jumalan caritza ... Kitäkem ia cunnioittacam ... kitos ia cunnia.
[11r]
Tua est Potentia etc.
O Herra Jumala sinun ...
De tempore paschali Kyrie
. Herra armada meidhen ...
[11v]
... isen Jumalan herraudhes. AMEN.
Sanctus et agnus Dei, De Sancto Spiritu
\
require
/
Supra
.
Fol.
16r
has notation and initials but lacks text.
Paper
147 + 2 folios.
19cm × 28cm
Modern foliation in pencil in the upper right-hand corners of recto sides, begins with the modern flyleaf as fol. 1.
1 + 1 + I
4
+ (IV+2)
12
+ (VII–1)
25
+ 2IX
60
+ (VII–1)
73
+ XIII
99
+ VI
111
+ (VI–1)
122
+ VII
136
+ (VI – 2)
146
+ 1
147
.
(Due to the fragility and poor condition of the binding, this structural analysis ought to be treated with caution. The quires containing fols. 5–12 and fols. 13–25 are probably reconstructed, as fol. 12 should precede fol. 10, as also fol. 16 quite probably fol. 12.) Two detached leaves, now
Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society (SKS), Literary Archives, Historica I, Kyriale-fragment
, seem to belong between fols. 10 and 11.
Pt I has quire foliation, with quires A–J extant (and K i-ii). Fols. 13–15 are the three folia missing at the beginning of quire A (fols. 17–27), while fol. 70 is an addition, by the original scribe, to the six bifolia of quire E (fols. 60–72; the text continues seamlessly over the quire, while the foliation skips fol. 70).
The paper is very frail and torn in many places, and there is mild staining and some water damage, especially to the outer edges of folia. The leaves have been trimmed, probably on the occasion of the last rebinding, rendering several rubrics and marginal annotations partly illegible.
Andrén (1952, 190 n. 16)
notes that the watermarks of the older part of the volume indicate that the paper was made at the
end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century
, while in the latter part the paper appears to have been made in the
1530s and 1540s
.
The watermark on the bifolium kept at the Finnish Literary Society (a
glove with a frilled cuff and a crown
,
c
. 52 mm high and 20 mm wide) is very close (but not identical) to two watermarks from Stettin, both dated
1566
(
Piccard online no. 154768
(
); and
no. 154825
(
)).
Text and notation in one column of seven to ten lines, ruled in ink.
I: Hybrida and Gothic Cursiva (the latter esp. for rubrics in the
sanctorale
) in several hands of
saec. XV 4/4 – XVI
1
; II: Gothic cursive of
saec. XVI 2/3
.
I: Decadent square notation on four (black) lines; II: decadent square notation on four (black) lines and mensural notation on five (black) lines (fol.
9v
).
I: There are two or three different sizes of pen-drawn initials touched with colour or, more frequently, red and green, in alternate openings; pen-drawn lombards for the openings of Feasts. Rubrics in red ink. However, the decoration is unfinished, with colour missing in places (fols.
30v
60r
), or with the rubrication executed only in part and finished instead in cursive in black ink (fols.
22r
,
63r
,
63v
,
66r
,
66v
,
76v
,
80r
,
81v
,
82r
,
83r
,
84r
,
88v
92v
,
93r
94r
,
95r
,
96v
,
98r
–v,
99v
129r
). The sequentiary on fols.
130r
146r
is also left completely uncoloured.
II: Pen-drawn monochromatic initials, Gothic versals (fols. 2 and
16r
) and stylized lombards; rubrics not distinguished with colour.
A
nineteenth-century
quarter leather binding in light brown leather and cardboard with raised bands. The spine carries the erroneous title blocked in gold, ‘Mäss*bok’.
Insofar as
Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, Literary Archives, Historica,
Kyriale
-fragment
belongs in pt II of the present manuscript, it is clear that the part in question was originally a collection of unbound leaves (as the Helsinki fragment has never been bound), either kept with pt I before binding or separately.
A
gradual
copied at the
end of the fifteenth or the beginning of the sixteenth century
, perhaps from a faulty exemplar, and added to in the first half of the sixteenth century. A
Lutheran gradual
was added to the book around the
middle of the sixteenth century
. The book was used in
Tammela
and probably also copied there.
On fol.
1r
: ‘(?) Messa etc. (Fennonice) Stockholm 1549. Rev. (Tit. deest). (Impr. Catalogus librorum impressorum Bibliothecae Regiae Academiae Upsaliensis. Upsaliae MDCCCXIV. 62. pag. 344.)’, and ‘(Graduale Tammelense) (Schalin)’.
There appears to be no evidence linking curate
Peder Kurck
to the introduction of this book to
Tammela
, albeit he is known to have donated a copy of
Missale Aboense
(B. Ghotan 1488; now Helsinki, National Library, Rv. Käsik. 2a MA 1488, the exemplar of Tammela) to his parish in 1512, (
pace
http://bibbild.abo.fi/Tammela/graduale/index.htm
).
The curate of
Tammela
,
Nils Magnus Tolpo
, took the book to
Turku
in
1826
in response to the cathedral chapter’s request for the older books of parishes to be sent for inspection. The book was returned to Tammela but appears to have been deposited by Tolpo in the library of the
Turku Swedish Lyceum
in
1834
(
Schalin 1946, 5–6, 10, 15
;
Schybergson 1939, 10, 17
). That library was transferred to
Åbo Akademi
, after the institute’s foundation in
1918
.
On the front pastedown a pasted label inscribed ‘GYMNASIUM I Åbo tillhörig’, and in pencil, ‘17 Graduale Tammelense’ and ‘D 71/163’.
Olav D. Schalin,
Kulthistoriska studier till belysande av reformationens genomförande i Finland
, vol. 1, Herlsingfors 1946, 10–11.
Ilkka Taitto,
Documenta Gregoriana. Latinalaisen kirkkolaulun lähteitä Suomessa
, Helsinki 1992, 399–412.
Åke Andrén,
Nattvardsberedelsen i reformationstidens Svenska kyrkoliv. Skriftemål och fasta
(Samlingar och studier till Svenska kyrkans historia, vol. 27), Stockholm 1952.
Cataloguer
Jesse Keskiaho
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Creative Commons BY 4.0