Nimeke
Turku, Library of Åbo Akademi, D 71/163 + Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society (SKS), Literary Archives, Historica I, Kyriale-fragment. Graduale Tammelense
Kuvaus
A medieval gradual for the diocese of
Turku (pt. I), to which a Lutheran gradual (pt. II) has
been added.
Turku (pt. I), to which a Lutheran gradual (pt. II) has
been added.
Julkaisija
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Aikamääre
1475-1566
I: Saec. XV 4/4 - XVI 1/2; II: Saec. XVI 2/3
Oikeudet
Images: Digital reproductions available at Hereditas culturalis.
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Formaatti
Paper
Kieli
Latin
Finnish
Identifiointitunnus
Turku
Library of Åbo Akademi
D 71/163
Graduale Tammelense
Library of Åbo Akademi
D 71/163
Graduale Tammelense
Helsinki
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Literary Archives
Historica I, Kyriale-fragment
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Literary Archives
Historica I, Kyriale-fragment
Kattavuus
Diocese of Turku
Turku, Library of Åbo Akademi, D 71/163 + Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society (SKS),
Literary Archives, Historica I, Kyriale-fragment.
Graduale Tammelense
I:
saec. XV 4/4 – XVI
; II: 1
XVI 2/3
; both
parts, diocese of Turku
A medieval
gradual
for the diocese of
Turku
(pt. I), to which a Lutheran gradual
(pt. II) has
been added. (A low-quality digital facsimile: http://bibbild.abo.fi/Tammela/graduale/index.htm
.)Fol. 1, front flyleaf, verso blank, recto inscribed in a hand of
saec. XIX
(see below, under
Provenance).I: fols. 3–4, 13–15, 17–146. The sanctorale part of the manuscript is heavily
selective, beginning, as is usual, in late November (the feast of St
Andrew
), but apparently skipping January, including only
Purificatio Mariae
from February, skipping March, including
only the Feast of St Mark
from April, skipping May
and the beginning of June but including, from St John the
Baptist
onwards, the duplex feasts up to Visitatio
Mariae
, then skipping the rest of July, and from August including only St
Lawrence
and from September only Michael the Archangel
and skipping October completely;
including most of the duplex feasts of November, and then appending Nativitas Mariae
(8 September), St Henry
’s translatio
(18 June, making it
virtually certain we are dealing with a book copied for use in the
diocese of Turku
) and Corpus Christi (from the temporale
series, the Thursday after Trinity Sunday). The index, rubrics, and marginalia in
the de sanctis
-part (for the marginalia see e.g. fol.
95r
–v) suggests that these omissions were to be compensated for by
fetching the individual chants of the missing offices from the proper and common
offices included, as is also suggested by the rather sizeable commune
-part.Fols.
3r
–4v
, index to the proprium
de sanctis
, with directions for locating the chants common to several
Feasts.[3r]
Jn die b. andree Officium K iiij ... [4v]
...
Philippi et Jacobi Officium ... tempore vo.Fols.
13r
–15v
, 17r
–25v
,
gloria
-melodies, and proprium de
tempore
from first Advent to Epiphany.[13r]
Gloria patri et filio ... [13v]
secula
seculorum amen. [14r]
Dominica in aduentu Domini officium
. Ad te leuaui animam meam
... [25r]
In epiphania domini officium
. Ecce aduenit dominator dominus
... [25v]
... Reges tharsis et insule ... omnes reges terre.Fols. , from the second Sunday after Epiphany to the 23rd Sunday
after Trinity.
26r
–87v
, proprium de
tempore
[26r]
de interitum eorum. Versus
.
Confiteantur domino misericordie ... [86v]
... Dominica xxiii
officium ... Dicit dominus ego cogito ... [87v]
Amen dico uobis ...
et fiet uobis.Fols.
87v
–88v
, office for the dedication of a church
or an altar.[87v]
In dedicacione Ecclesie Vel altaris Officium Misse
.
Terribilis est locus iste ... [88v]
... et pulsanti aperietur.
Alleluya, alleluia, Alleluya.Fols. , the Feasts of Sts
88v
–99v
, proprium de
sanctis
Andrew
, Stephen
, John the Evangelist
, Thomas the
Apostle
(?), Purificatio Mariae
, Sts Mark the Evangelist
, John the
Baptist
, Peter
, Paul
, Visitatio Mariae
, Sts
Lawrence
, Michael the
Archangel
, All Saints, the four crowned martyrs, Sts Martin
, Catherine
, Nativitas Mariae
, St Henry
,
Corpus Christi.[88v]
In die beati Andree apostoli
... versus
Dilexit Andream dominus ... secuti sunt dominum. Sanctae Nicolai Officium
... Et enim sederunt ... [89v]
...
nesciunt quid faciunt. In die beati [j]ohannis ewangeliste
[o]fficium
... Exiit sermo inter fratres ... [90r]
... quia
non sunt. [90v]
V (followed by two lines of notation but no text,
then:) Thome episcopi et martyris
... Qui seminant in
lacrimis ... [91r]
... manet in seculum seculi. Jn
purificacione sancte mariae
... Suscepimus deus misericordiam ...
[92v]
... nomen eius emanuel. [93r]
Sancti marci euangeliste officium
. Protexisti me deus ...
fert fructum multum alleluia. Jn festo sancti iohannis baptiste
officium
. De uentre matris me ... [93v]
... parare vias eius.
[94r]
In festo sancti petri apostoli officium
. Nunc scio vere qui
... edificabo ecclesiam meam. In comme
[mo
]racione pauli o
[fficium
]
Scio cui credidi ... [94v]
... digne est glorificandus. In festo visitacionis beate Marie uirginis Officium
. Gaudeamus
omnes in domino ... [95r]
... elizabetus humiliter visitare. Feria quinta
Jn die beati laurencij Officium misse
Confessio et
pulchritudo ... [95v]
... et minister meus erit. Sancti Michaelis Archangeli Officium Misse
. Benedicite dominus omnes angeli
... [96v]
... exaltate eum in secula. In Die omnium
sanctorum Officium
. Gaudeamus sub honore ... . rectos decet collaudatio.
Gloria. Commemoratione omnium sanctorum responsorium
.
Requiem eternam dona ... [97r]
... eterne beatitudine perfrui. Pro presenti defuncto et quando pro aliquid specialiter
bratur
celebratur
. Si ambulem in ... [98r]
... quia
pius es. Sanctorum iiij coronatorum officium
... versus
Dic martinus pauper ... ympnis celestibus honoratur.
Alleluya. ... Sancte catherine virginis
... In nativitate beate marie virginis
[98v]
versus
Natiuitas gloriose virginis ... .regnat in eternum.
(In another hand:) Gaudeamus omnes in domino ... [99r]
... iubilate
deo iacob [99v]
O (followed by three lines of notation without text,
then:) Alleluya. Caro mea vere est cibus ... in meam commemorationem.Fols.
100r
–122v
, commune
sanctorum
(completed by a later hand in 1546
).[100r]
Sanctis apostolis in genere officium
(in a later hand) Michi autem nimis honorati
sunt ... [104r]
super
eum, Gloria. Jn communi unius martyris Officium
. Letabitur
iustus in domino ... [108v]
... crucem suam et sequatur me. Jn commune plurimorum martyrum Officium
. Intret in conspectu
tuo ... [122v]
... omnem uiam iniquitatis odio (in another hand)
habui. Quinque prudentes virgines ... obiuiam Christo domino etc. a d 1546.Fols.
123r
–129r
, kyriale
(unfinished
)[123r]
K (followed by three lines of notation and initials without
text, then:) Gloria in excelsis ... [129r]
... dona nobis pacem. K
(followed by a line with initials and a part of the notation; fol.
129v
has bare staves only).Fols. .
130r
–146v
, sequentiarium
[130r]
Alleluia. Jn die resurrectionis mee ... vos in galileam. A
(followed by eight lines of notation and initials but without text)
[130v]
Salue sancta parens ... Post partum virgo inuiolata ...
Benedicta et venerabilis es ... Virgo dei genitrix ... In sole posuit tabernaculum
... [131r]
... Recordare virgo mater ... Ave regina celorum ...
[131v]
In natiuitate domini
... purificatione
marie sequentia
. Letabundus exulted fidelis chorus ... [D
]e pasche
[seque
]nti
a et
... sequentibus
. Victime paschali laudes ... [132r]
... Virginis
Marie laudes ... [132v]
... [De a
]scensione
[s
]equentia
. Omnes gentes plaudite ... [133r]
... Rex omnipotens
die hodierna ... [134r]
... Jn die
[pente
]costes
. Sancti spiritus assit ...
[1345r] Sequentia de sancto Georgo
(in a later hand) Georgio
. Singularis Gregorius ... [135v]
... Euan
[gelis
]tis
sequen
[ti
]a
, Jocundare plebs
fidelis ... [136v]
... [Sequ
]entia
de
[sanct
]e
crucis
. Veneremur crucis signum ... [137r]
...
Sequentia de sancto amb
[rosio
.] Ave
gemma presulum ... [138r]
... De com
[passi
]one
Glo
[riosi
] virgin
[is ma
]rie
. Stabat iuxta
Christi crucem ... [138v]
... [S
]equentia
[de sa
]ncto
eri
[co
] Gratulemur dulci prosa ...
[139v]
... [De co
]rpore
[Christ
]i sequen
[tia
] Lauda syon saluatorem ... [141r]
... De Sancto eskillo Sequ
[entia
]. Hac in
die gloriemur ... [141v]
... [De de
]dicatione
[eccle
]siae
sequen
[tia
] (in a later hand) Rex
salomon fecit templum ... [142r]
... Sequentia de
Sancto henrico
. Cetus noster letus esto ... [142v]
... [Sequ
]entia
de
[sanct
]o
Joha
[nnis
] baptista
[e.] Precursorem summi regis ... [143v]
... [De
sa
]ncto
[Petro
?] sequentia
. Jubar mundo geminatur ...
[144r]
... Sequ
[entia
de
] visit
[atione
] beate
m
[arie
] virg
[inis
] Lauda sponsa genitricem ...
[145r]
... Dominica patronorum regni
[Svecie
] Extultauit angelorum chori ... [146r]
... Sequ
[entia de
] sancto
[laurentio
]. Stola iocunditatis alleluia ...
[146v]
... in ecclesia decantando Alleluija.II: fols. 2, 5–12 and 16.
Fol. 2, notation and initials without text
Fols. , with the
5r
–9v
: Fragment of a Lutheran graduale
Minä uscon ydhen
Jumalan
(the Nicaean Creed in Finnish
, see Kurvinen 1929,
215–216
), Terue Jesu laupiudhen kuningas
(Salve regina misericordiae
in Finnish
, translated
after the Lutheran German version Getröstet sys tu, Jesu, eynn
König der barmherticheit
; first found in Mathias Westh’s
Codex
; Kurvinen 1929, 251–252
), Sinä Christe
seuracunnan pää
(Virgo mater ecclesiae
in Finnish, a
Lutheran translation first found in Mathias Westh’s Codex
;
Kurvinen 1929, 252–253
), Inhimisen
wiheliäsyydest
(Aff menniskiones arma wsellhet
in
Finnish, first found in Mathias Westh’s Codex
; Kurvinen
1929, 240
), Mö uscom ychdhen Jumalan päälle
(the
Nicaean Creed [stated to be Athanasian in a scribal titulus] in Finnish, in a
version of the translation found in Mathias Westh’s Codex
?,
imperf.; see Kurvinen 1929, 254
).[5r]
Minä uscon ydhen Jumalan ... [6r]
... ja
tuleuaisen mailman elämet. Amen. Finis. [6v]
Loco officii Missae vel pro graduali interdum secundum occasionem
temporis
.Terue Jesu laupiudhen kuningas ... Sinä Christe [7r]
seuracunnan pää ... [7v]
... De creatione hominis,
lapsu et restauratione eiusdem per christum
. Inhimisen wihleitzyeste tule
meidhen caicein ... [9v]
... pyhen hengen cansa, amen. Symbolum fidei iuxta Athanasium
. Mö uscom ychdhen Jummala
päle, Jsen caickiualdian ... pyhä hengen cautta Ja meiss että |Fols. in Finnish,
imperf. in the middle. (What is now
16v
, 12r
–v, 10r
–v,
11r
–v, kyriale
Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, Literary
Archives, Historica I,
probably belongs
between fols. 10 and 11.)Kyriale
-fragment[16v]
De summis festis
. Herra armadha meidhen pellen ... De Semiduplicibus cantus
. Herra armada ... armadha meidhen
pellen. [12r]
Herra armadha meidhen ... [12v]
... Sanctus
. Pyhae pyhae pyhae herra Juma- [10r]
la
zebaoth teudet ouat ... O Jumalan caritza ... [10v]
... Sanctus de duplicibus festis
. Pyhae pyhae pyhae ... caritza
joca poisotat [mailman synnit anna meille rauha] (the last line of the folio has
been cut out) [Kyriale-fragment, (1)r]
ia hyuestisiugnaus. Kijttäken
ia cunnioittacam herra ... De Sancto Spiritu
. Herra armadha
meidhen ... [Kyriale-fragment, (2)r]
... isen iumalan herraudhes.
Amen. Sanct
[us
]. Pyhä, pyhe, pyhe
herra ... [(2)v] ... O Jumalan caritza ... Kitäkem ia cunnioittacam ... kitos ia
cunnia. [11r]
Tua est Potentia etc.
O Herra Jumala sinun ... De tempore paschali Kyrie
. Herra armada meidhen ...
[11v]
... isen Jumalan herraudhes. AMEN. Sanctus
et agnus Dei, De Sancto Spiritu
\require
/ Supra
.Fol.
16r
has notation and initials but lacks text.Paper
147 + 2 folios.
19cm × 28cm
19cm × 28cm
Modern foliation in pencil in the upper right-hand corners of recto
sides, begins with the modern flyleaf as fol. 1.
1 + 1 + I
4
+ (IV+2)12
+ (VII–1)25
+ 2IX60
+ (VII–1)73
+ XIII99
+ VI111
+ (VI–1)122
+ VII136
+ (VI – 2)146
+ 1147
.(Due to the
fragility and poor condition of the binding, this structural analysis ought to
be treated with caution. The quires containing fols. 5–12 and fols. 13–25 are
probably reconstructed, as fol. 12 should precede fol. 10, as also fol. 16 quite
probably fol. 12.) Two detached leaves, now
Helsinki, Finnish
Literature Society (SKS), Literary Archives, Historica I,
Kyriale-fragment
, seem to belong between fols. 10 and 11.Pt I has quire foliation, with quires A–J extant (and K i-ii). Fols.
13–15 are the three folia missing at the beginning of quire A (fols. 17–27),
while fol. 70 is an addition, by the original scribe, to the six bifolia of
quire E (fols. 60–72; the text continues seamlessly over the quire, while the
foliation skips fol. 70).
The paper is very frail and torn in many places, and there is mild
staining and some water damage, especially to the outer edges of folia. The
leaves have been trimmed, probably on the occasion of the last rebinding,
rendering several rubrics and marginal annotations partly
illegible.
Andrén (1952, 190 n. 16)
notes that the
watermarks of the older part of the volume indicate that the paper was made at
the end of the fifteenth and the
beginning of the sixteenth century
, while in the latter part the paper
appears to have been made in the 1530s and 1540s
.The watermark on the bifolium kept at the
Finnish Literary Society (a ); and
)).
glove with a frilled cuff and a
crown
, c
. 52 mm high and 20 mm wide) is
very close (but not identical) to two watermarks from Stettin, both dated 1566
(Piccard online no. 154768
(no. 154825
(Text and notation in one column of seven to ten lines, ruled in
ink.
I: Hybrida and Gothic Cursiva (the latter esp. for rubrics in the
sanctorale
) in several hands of saec. XV 4/4 – XVI
; II: Gothic cursive of
1
saec. XVI 2/3
.I: Decadent square notation on four (black) lines; II: decadent square
notation on four (black) lines and mensural notation on five (black) lines (fol.
9v
).I: There are two or three different sizes of pen-drawn initials touched with colour
or, more frequently, red and green, in alternate openings; pen-drawn lombards for
the openings of Feasts. Rubrics in red ink. However, the decoration is unfinished,
with colour missing in places (fols.
30v
–60r
), or with
the rubrication executed only in part and finished instead in cursive in black ink
(fols. 22r
, 63r
, 63v
,
66r
, 66v
, 76v
, 80r
,
81v
, 82r
, 83r
, 84r
,
88v
–92v
, 93r
–94r
,
95r
, 96v
, 98r
–v,
99v
–129r
). The sequentiary on fols.
130r
–146r
is also left completely uncoloured.II: Pen-drawn monochromatic initials, Gothic versals (fols. 2 and
16r
) and stylized lombards; rubrics not distinguished with
colour.A
nineteenth-century
quarter
leather binding in light brown leather and cardboard with raised bands. The spine
carries the erroneous title blocked in gold, ‘Mäss*bok’.Insofar as
Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, Literary Archives,
Historica,
belongs in pt II of the
present manuscript, it is clear that the part in question was originally a
collection of unbound leaves (as the Helsinki fragment has never been bound), either
kept with pt I before binding or separately.Kyriale
-fragmentA
gradual
copied at the end of the fifteenth or the beginning of the
sixteenth century
, perhaps from a faulty exemplar, and added to in the first half of
the sixteenth century. A Lutheran gradual
was added to the book around the middle of
the sixteenth century
. The book was used in Tammela
and probably also copied there.
On fol.
1r
: ‘(?) Messa etc.
(Fennonice) Stockholm 1549. Rev. (Tit. deest). (Impr. Catalogus librorum impressorum
Bibliothecae Regiae Academiae Upsaliensis. Upsaliae MDCCCXIV. 62. pag. 344.)’, and
‘(Graduale Tammelense) (Schalin)’.There appears to be no evidence linking curate
Peder Kurck
to the
introduction of this book to Tammela
, albeit he is known to have donated a copy of
Missale Aboense
(B. Ghotan 1488; now Helsinki, National
Library, Rv. Käsik. 2a MA 1488, the exemplar of Tammela) to his parish in 1512, (pace
http://bibbild.abo.fi/Tammela/graduale/index.htm
).The curate of
Tammela
, Nils Magnus Tolpo
, took the book to Turku
in 1826
in response
to the cathedral chapter’s request for the older books of parishes to be sent for
inspection. The book was returned to Tammela but appears to have been deposited by
Tolpo in the library of the Turku Swedish Lyceum
in 1834
(Schalin 1946, 5–6, 10, 15
;
Schybergson 1939, 10, 17
). That library was transferred to Åbo Akademi
, after the
institute’s foundation in 1918
.On the front pastedown a pasted label inscribed ‘GYMNASIUM I Åbo tillhörig’, and in
pencil, ‘17 Graduale Tammelense’ and ‘D 71/163’.
Cataloguer
Jesse Keskiaho
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Creative Commons BY 4.0