Helsinki, National Library, C.ö.I.23. Lutheran liturgical fragments Cataloguer Jesse Keskiaho Finnish Literature Society (SKS) Codices Fennici Creative Commons BY 4.0 Helsinki National Library C.ö.I.23 Pt. I: saec. XVI2; pt. II: saec. XVI 2/3–¾; both: Diocese of Turku (prov. Raisio) I: Kyriale in Swedish, Graduale in Finnish; II: sequentarium in Finnish

I: fols. 1, 7–9.

Fol. 1, <hi rend="italic">Kyriale</hi> in Swedish, fragment.

[1r] Gudh Zebaoth fulle ähro ... fridh och wälsignelse. [1v] De Sancto Spiritu. [H]ERRE förbarma tigh ... Gudh himelske koningh.

Fols. 7r–9v, <hi rend="italic" >Graduale</hi>, in Finnish; kyriale for summis and duplicibus (defect.) and two versions of Te Deum in Finnish after Jacobus Finno (one in prose and one rhymed, nos. 4 and 5; Kurvinen 1929, 256), and Caicki Christityt iloitcan (Laetabundus) (Finno’s no. 49, Kurvinen 1929, 282).

[7r] |an corckeudhes. Ja maasa rauha ... Sanctus Summis festis ... [7v] ... Duplicibus festis Sanctus et Agnus ... Kijttäkäm ia Cunnioittacam [8r] yliyzenwoitit cuoleman ia awaisit ... älä meitä ikänäns häpiän ala tulla. [8v] Item symbolum nota figurali. O Jumall sinua kijtäm ... [9r] ... älä häpiäth päällem tuotha. AMEN. [9v] Sequentia in Na[tiuitas D]omini et duabus diebus sequentibu[s et] in Circumcisione Domini et in Epipha[nia]. [C]aicki Christityt iloitcan tällä Juhlalla ... Ramat sen kyllä osotta. Halleluiah.

II: fols. 2–6.

Fol. 2r–v, 3r–6v, <hi rend="italic">Sequentiarium</hi>, in Finnish: Westh no. 4 (Kurvinen 1929, 240) in part; Agricola nos. 18 and 19 (Kurvinen 1929, 230–231), the latter as an addition; Westh no. 5 (Kurvinen 1929, 241), defective; Westh no. 8 (Kurvinen 1929, 244–245), variant; and Christus on ylesnosnu kuolemast (cf. Kurvinen 1929, 412), variant.

[2r] Rex omnipotens. Sequentia de ascensione domini. Caickiualdias kuningas tenepeuen ... [2v] ... tyköän isän oikealle| [3r] Nijn quin hen ylesastui ... kijtem sinua ia veisam Alleluia. [3v] Sequentia finite De penthecoste Sancti Spiritui. Pyhen hengen armo ... meildä näcte. Jonga vannoin [4r] puctan sydhemen silmet ... [4v] ... temen peiuen Alleluia. [5r] (in another hand) Tule pyhe hengi ... [5v] ... anna ilo lakamatt. Alleluia. (In another hand) Letabundus finitae. Cayki Christitytt iloizeuat tellä iuhlalla ... annae meytä cohdhatans isen **** [6r] (in the same hand as on fols. 2–4) Victimae etc:a. (in another hand) Sequentia. Ihesus christus ombi ollut yxi ... [6v] ... voittanut ylitzenu kuoleman. Alleluia. (Without notation:) Christus on ylessnossuntt kuolemast, hen .... caickin paickonn, Kirieleisonn etc.

Pt. II may be contemporary to Codex Westh (Helsinki, National Library, C.III.19), older than Finno (Schalin 1946, 25), i.e. roughly saec. XVI 2/3–¾?

 Paper 9 folios. 21 30-32 fols. 1 and 7–9: 21 × 32 (fol. 1: 15,5–16 ×24,5; fols. 7–9: 16–16,5 × 25,5–27); fols. 2–6: 21 × 30 (16–16,5 × 25–26,5; fol. 6: 16,5 × 23,5) Modern foliation in pencil in the middle of the upper margins of recto-sides. The leaves survive as unbound single folia that have been taped together to form bifolia (and one trifolium). This arrangement is apparently in part arbitrary, and judging by the different sizes and formats of the leaves it seems that the fragments originate in at least two distinct contexts: I, fols. 1 and 7–9, and II, fols. 2–6. It is further doubtful if fols. 1 and 7–9 come from the same original context. Fols. 4 – 5 are intact enough to see that they indeed form on original bifolium – bizarrely fol. 7 has been taped to them. Text and notation in one column on ten (fol. 1), eight to nine (fols. 2–5), seven (fol. 6), and fourteen (fols. 7, 8r, 9v) lines; and in two columns on thirteen to fourteen lines (fols. 8v and 9r).

Several different hands of saec. XVI: Hand 1 (gothic cursive) on fol 1, Hand 2 (gothic hybrida) on fols. 7–9, hand 3 (gothic cursive) on fols. 2–4 and 6, hand 4 (gothic cursive) on fol. 5 and hand 6 (humanistic cursive) on fol. 5v lines 4–9. Hands 1 and 3–5 may be somewhat older than hand 2.

 Decadent square notation on four black lines, and on fols. 8v–9r, mensural notation on four black lines. Entirely monochromatic. On fol. 1, gothic majuscels for sentence initials, on fols. 2–6, simple gothic versals for the beginnings of chants, on fols. 7–9 space has been reserved for initials of individual chants, but these have not been executed. Unbound fragments that have been taped together in modern times.

A <hi rend="italic">graduale</hi> and a <hi rend="italic">sequentiarium</hi> were copied in the reformation period for use in the diocese of Turku, possibly in Raisio. The graduale in Finnish appears to depend on Jacobus Finno’s hymnbook of 1583, whereas the <hi rend="italic">sequentiarium</hi> is probably somewhat older, possibly even coeval with Mathias Westh’s liturgical codex (1540s). The present fragments probably come from at least two (possibly three) originally distinct books or booklets.

A note in pencil on what appears to have been previously used as the archival envelope for the fragments: ‘Raision kirkosta (sakariston rikkakasasta). (Musiikkitiet. seuran kautta) lahj. Yliop. Kirjastoon E. Gt. Ilm.’ Signed by Eeli Granit-Ilmoniemi (d. 1945), it records that the fragments were found in the sacristy of Raisio church, in a ‘scrap pile’, and donated to the University Library through the Musicological Society.

 P. J. I. Kurvinen, Suomen virsirunouden alkuvaiheet v:een 1640, Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seuran toimituksia vol. 180, Helsinki 1929. Olav D. Schalin, Kulthistoriska studier till belysande av reformationens genomförande i Finland, vol. 1, Helsingfors 1946, 24–25. Encoding added