Helsinki, National Library, C.ö.III.17. Lutheran gradual Cataloguer Jesse Keskiaho Finnish Literature Society (SKS) Codices Fennici Creative Commons BY 4.0 Helsinki National Library C.ö.III.17 Saec. XVI 4/4 (after 1588), Kalanti A Lutheran gradual from Kalanti

Fols. 1r–7v, 32, 8r–15r, Kyriale in Swedish and in Finnish.

[1r] Kyria De Summis Fes[tis]. HERRE förbarma tigh öffuer oss ... In Duplicibus Festis ... [3r] In Duplicibus Festis Sanctus ... [3v] ... De Dominicis Diebus ... [5r] ... Tempore Paschali Kyrie ... [6v] ... Kyrie de Sancto Spiritu ... [7v] ... gudz faders härligheet. A[32r]men. ... Kyrie Novum ... [32v] ... Heligh, heligh, he[8r] ligh herren gudh Zebaåth ... [8v] ... frid och wälsignelse. In Summis Festis. HERRA armadha meidhen päällem ... In Duplicibus Festis ... [9v] ... De Tempore Paschali Cantus ... [11v] ... De Sancto Spiritu ... [15r] ... Jumalan olkon kijtos ja Cunnia.

Fols. 15r–17r, Te Deum.

[15r] Symbolum Domini Augustini et Ambrosii. Te Deum laudamus ... confundar in aeternum.

Fols. 17r–20r, the hymn O Gudh wij lofwe tig och bekenne tig (Te Deum), and its Finnish translation after Jacobus Finno (see Kurvinen 1929, 256 no. 4).

[17r] O Gud wij loffue tigh och bekenne tigh ... [19r] till Ewigh tijdh. O Jumala sinua me kiitämme ... häpiän ala tulla.

Fols. 21v–25r, the hymn O Gudh wij lofwe tig o Gudh wij tacke tig (Te Deum, rhymed), and its Finnish translation (see Kurvinen 1929, 256 no. 5).

[21v] O Gudh wij loffwe tigh, O Gudh wij tacke tigh ... [23r] ... till ewigh tidh. Amen. O Jumal sinua kiitäm ... häpiät pälem tuota.

Fols. 25r–28v, the Nicaean Creed in Swedish and Latin.

[25r] Symbolum Nicaenum. Wij troo uppo en Gudh ... [26v] ... Och then tilkommande werldennes lijff [27r] AMEN. Credo in unum Deum ... [28v] ... et uitam future seculi. AMEN.

Fol. 29r, hymn on the vision of Isaiah in Swedish (printed in 1567, after Luther’s Jesaia dem Propheten das geschah; see Kurvinen 1929, 342).

[29r] Esai 6. Esaiae Prophetenom hende thz så ... Och hwset wardt upfylt med rök och damb.

Fols. 29v–30v, sequentiarium, sequences for Christmastide (defective). Alle Christne frögde sig and its Finnish translation after Jacobus Finno (see Kurvinen 1929, 282 no. 49).

[29v] Sequentia in Nativitate Domini et duabus diebus sequentibus. Item in Circumcisione Domini et in Epiphania. Laetabundus. Alle Christne frögda sigh ... [30v] ... bewijsa han. Halleluja. Kaicki Christityt iloitcan tällä ... Wapahtaja tuli.

Fol. 31, sequentiarium, for Easter, fragment. Jesus Christus han är worden (which would have been followed by its Finnish translation, probably Finno’s no. 62, for which see Kurvinen 1929, 290).

[31r][Hal]leluja. Cantus Paschalis Prosaicus, Victima Paschali, Swedice et Finonice. Jesus Christus han är warden ... [31v] segher öffuer dödhen, halleluja.

 Paper 31 folios. 16,5 20,5 12 15,5-16,5 The first and last folia of the first quire have come loose, and when the modern foliation (in pencil in the upper halves of the right-hand margins of recto-sides) was made the last folio of that quire was misplaced and therefore erroneously foliated as fol. 32. IV(1–7, 32) + III14 + 2IV30 + 131 Fol. 31 is a detached single leaf; there are evidently several folia missing between it and fol. 30. Overall the book is in rather poor condition. The outer margins are dirty, indicating that the book has been in heavy use for a period, and the edges of folia are frequently frayed. Text and notation in one column, on 6–9 lines, ruled in hard-point.

Rather formal gothic cursive for Swedish and Finnish text (hybrida used in places for effect, e.g. fol. 25r lines 5 and 6), and humanistic cursive for Latin (fols. 15r–17r, 27r–28v), probably entirely by one scribe. Rubrics mostly in humanistic cursive. Based on the uneven fading (e.g. 1v–2r, where most of the notation has faded but the text is still black), some of the inks used by the scribe have kept better than others.

 Decadent square notation and mensural notation (fols. 21v–29r) on four and five (fols. 25r line 7 to 29r) black lines.

Gothic majuscules for sentence initials, highly decorative lombards (e.g. fol. 1r) or gothic versals (fol. 25r) intended for the initials of hymns but for the most part left unexecuted; all decoration entirely monochromatic.

Limp binding in a single leaf from a liturgical book of saec. XIV2. The binding is rather loose, and the book is evidently missing some leaves from the end.

The covers are from a liturgical kalendar of the diocese of Turku (September – December). Parchment, 25 × ca. 34 (19 × ca. 25). Text 31 lines in two columns, ruled with ink and pricked in (at least) the outer margin, one hole per line of text. Gothic bookhand by one moderately skilled scribe.

The kalendar conforms to Dominican use but ignores the feasts of regular use. The Feast of St Anna 15 December confirms that the kalendar follows the secular use of the diocese of Turku. The feast of St Birgitta is missing, which suggests that the kalendar predates her canonization in 1391. Note also that 14.9. Exaltatio crucis is only semiduplex, and XI milium uirginum only memoria. A hand of saec. XV has added 7.10. St Birgitta totum duplex, and upgraded the feasts of SS. Francis (4.10.) and Denis (9.10.) from simplex to duplex. (For further analysis of the contents see Malin 1925, 103–104.) Due to the trimming of the folio the grades for the feasts in December are missing.

There is also an almost completely faded inscription written on the folded-down margin of the folio. The fragment comes from a relatively large liturgical book, probably a missal. The book was probably intended for a parish, perhaps Uusikaupunki, where it was still in use in the 1570s before being bound in the present volume.

In the late sixteenth century, after 1576, the date recorded on the leaf used as the cover, and probably after 1588, when Jacobus Finno’s Finnish hymnary was published, a priest in Uusikirkko prepared a book containing a series of chants and hymns used in the mass.

Fol. 7r, in ink, in a hand of saec. XVII, ‘Anno 1694 Kyrkoherdens Enckia Elisabeth Mats dotter Heuren’.

Fol. 2r, in ink, in a hand of saec. XIX, ‘Anmärkt i Nykyrko Kyrkas Inventarie Längd, 1826’.

The kalendar leaf used for the cover of the book records the death of the wife of the vicar of Uusikirkko, Andreas Petri (inc. ‘Anno Domini 157...’), and of his wife in 1576 (inc. ‘... to obiit honestissima persona uxor ...’) by a hand of saec. XVI. Both notes are faded and the latter notice has been treated with some substance that has spread the ink around it. Also found on the covers is the shelfmark, in pencil. As pen trials, hands of saec. XVI–XVII have written the names of the months of the year at the heads of the columns.

The book was kept at Uusikirkko, arriving at what is now the National Library of Finland at an unknown date.

 P. J. I. Kurvinen, Suomen virsirunouden alkuvaiheet v:een 1640, Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seuran toimituksia vol. 180, Helsinki 1929. Aarno Malin, Der Heiligenkalender Finnlands. Seine Zusammnesetzung und Entwicklung (Suomen kirkkohistoriallisen seuran toimituksia 20), Helsingfors 1925, 103–104. Olav D. Schalin, Kulthistoriska studier till belysande av reformationens genomförande i Finland, vol. 1, Helsingfors 1946, 9. Encoding added