Turku, Provincial Archives of Turku, Turku Archdiocese Cathedral Chapter, Gummerus-collection, I:7. Fragments of a Lutheran <hi rend="italic">graduale</hi> and <hi rend="italic">antiphonarium</hi> Cataloguer Jesse Keskiaho Finnish Literature Society (SKS) Codices Fennici Creative Commons BY 4.0 Turku Provincial Archives of Turku Turku Archdiocese Cathedral Chapter Gummerus-collection, I:7 Saec. XVI 4/4–XVII1/4, Finland Fragments of a Lutheran <hi rend="italic">graduale</hi> and <hi rend="italic">antiphonarium</hi>

Fols. 1r–4v, Lutheran <hi rend="italic" >graduale</hi>, with the Nicene creed in Finnish (Minä vscon ydhen Jumalan pällen; see Kurvinen 1929, 215–216), and Latin (twice); O pyhä hengi tule nyt tän without notation (Jacobus Finno’s translation of Luther’s adaptation of the German Nu biten wir den heiligen geist, after the Swedish translation; Kurvinen 1929, 277–278 no. 42); Tule pyhä hengi luoia (Veni Creator Spiritus in Finnish, after Jacobus Finno; Kurvinen 1929, 293 no. 68), and O pyhä hengi tule nyt tän (bis), again without notation.

[1r] Minä uscon ydhen Jumalan pällen ... [2r] ... Ja tuleuaisen mailman elämäth. Amen. Patrem omnipotentem factorem ... [2v] ... vitam futuri seculi, AMEN. Patrem omnipotentem factorem ... [3r] ... et uitam futuri [3v] seculi. Amen. Pyhästä Hengestä virdhet. O pyhä hengi tule nyt tän ... madhaisim ilon tulla. Tule pyhä hengi Luoia ... [4r] ... lahioi meil kanda. AMEN. [4v] O pyhä hengi tule nyt tän ... maedhaisim ilon tulla. Kyrie eleison.

Fol. 5r–v, <hi rend="italic">antiphonarium</hi>, proprium de sanctis, office for SS Peter and Paul (imperf.).

[5r] Gloria patri et filio et spiritui sancto ... [5v] ... ligandi atque soluendi. Et |.

 Paper 5 folios. 20 31-33 15,5-17 23,5-27,5 Modern foliation in pencil in the upper right-hand corners of recto-sides. Five singletons. The leaves may derive from two distinct books. Text and notation in one column on 10 to 11 lines (apart from fol. 4, which has no delineated written area and has text only, on as many as 24 lines), ruled in ink.

An archaizing script, a somewhat shaky Gothic hybrida, by one scribe of saec. XVI 4/4. (See further below under History for discussion of date.)

 Fols. 1r–2r and 5r–v, decadent square notation on four black lines; fols. 2r–3v, round mensural notation on five black lines.

Black lombards for the initials of chants (decorated with stylized vegetal motifs), smaller drawn Gothic versals for sentence initials.

Unbound singletons.

Leaves from a Lutheran gradual and an antiphonary (either the same original book or two distinct books, nevertheless copied by the same scribe). The somewhat archaizing presentation (in its script and decoration) of liturgical music in Finnish and in Latin, much of which could not have been written before the 1580s since it seems to draw from the Finnish hymns published by Jacobus Finno in 1583. It is difficult to say whether they were copied in the late sixteenth or the early seventeenth centuries.

No information.

While obviously copied for use in a Finnish-speaking parish, the provenance of these leaves is not known before their discovery by J. Gummerus in the archives of Turku Cathedral Chapter in the early twentieth century. The leaves may have come to Turku as a result of the chapter’s request, c. 1826, that parishes in the diocese send in any older material in their possession for expert examination. The materials were in some cases returned to their parishes (this happened to the books from Tammela now in the library of Åbo Akademi), but at least some remained in Turku and survived the great fire that destroyed much of the city in 1827 (Schalin 1946, 6 n. 2, cites the circulars of the chapter, no. 237 of 5 November 1828, and no. 264 of 20 June 1833, which indicate that several manuscripts that had been sent to Turku as requested had not been collected and had become disordered in the fire, and were now kept in the archbishop’s household).

 J. Gummerus, ‘Eräs kirjalöytö Turun tuomiokapitulin arkistosta’, Suomen kirkkohistoriallisen seuran pöytäkirjat 10 (1910), 81–123, at 111–112. P. J. I. Kurvinen, Suomen virsirunouden alkuvaiheet v:een 1640, Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seuran toimituksia vol. 180, Helsinki 1929, 38. Encoding added