Helsinki, National Library, C.IV.29. ‘<hi rend="italic">Codex Michael Michaelis</hi>’ Cataloguer Jesse Keskiaho Finnish Literature Society (SKS) Codices Fennici Creative Commons BY 4.0 Helsinki National Library C.IV.29 Codex Michael Michaelis Saec. XVI 4/4, diocese of Turku A liturgical miscellany

Fols. 1r–8v, 9r–v, <hi rend="italic">tonarium</hi> (defective), with eight tones, two series of eight Gloria-melodies (defect.) and five Benedicamus-melodies (defect.).

[1r] LIBELLUS MUSIcus in quo praecipue Tonorum ratio proponuntur ... [2r] Primus tonus sic incipit ... Dixit Dominus Domino meo ... [6r] ... Octauus tonus sic incipit ... [6v] ... differentia octavi. Adam primus homo ... [7r] ... sed octo sunt partes. I. Gloria patri et filio ... II. Gloria ... [8r] ... 2.I. Gloria patri et filio ... [8v] ... 6.VI. Gloria ... et filio et spiritui| [9r] patri et filio et ... [9v] ... et spiritui sancto. Benedicamus Domino, Benedicamus Domino ... Mariam benedixit in aeternum.

Fols. 10r–14v, <hi rend="italic">sequentiarium</hi> in Latin, with Omnes gentes plaudite, Rex omnipotens die hodierna, Sancti spiritus adsit, Veni sanctae spiritus (defect.).

[10r] Omnes gentes plaudite ... [11r] ... ad futuram gloriam, Amen. Rex omnipotens die hodierna ... [12v] ... tibi cantemus omnes Alleluja. Sancti spiritus adsit ... [14] ... laus sit Deo, Alleluia. In festo Sanctae Trinitatis. Veni sanctae spiritus ... [14v] ... sana quod est saucium|

Fols. 15r–24r, Te Deum in Latin (defect.), O Jumala sinua me kijtämme (Te Deum in Finnish, after Jacobus Finno, Kurvinen 1929, 256 no. 4), O Gudh wij lofwe tig och bekenne tig (Te Deum in Swedish), O Gudh wij lofwe tig, o Gudh wij tacke tig (rhymed Te Deum in Swedish) and O Jumal sinua kijtäm (rhymed Te Deum in Finnish after Jacobus Finno, Kurvinen 1929, 256 no. 5.

[15r] gloriae tuae. Te gloriosus ... [16r] ... non confundar in aeternum. O Jumala sinua me kiitäme, sinua HERra me tunustame ...[18r] ... häpiän ala tulla. O gudh wij låfwe tig och bekäne tigh ... [20r] ... på skam till ewigh tijdh. O Gudh wij låfue tig, O Gudh wij tacke tig ... [22r] ... till ewig tijdh, Amen. O Jumal sinua kijtäm ... [24r] ... häpiät päällem tuota, Amen.

Fols. 24r–32r, <hi rend="italic">Kyriale</hi> in Swedish.

[24r] In summis festis. HERRE förbarma tig ... [25r] ... faders härligheet, amen. Sanctus in summis festis et duplicibus festis. Heligh, helig, helig herren ... [25v] ... herran. Heligh, he- [26r]lig, helig ... [26v] ... och låfwom herran. De Sancto Spiritu Cantus. Herre förbarma tig ... [28r] ... låfwom herran. De tempore paschali. HERRE förbarma tig ... [29r] ... tack och låf, Alleluija, alleluija. Nouum Kyrie. HERRE förbarma tig ... [31r] ... fadhers härligheet, amen. Diebus Dominicis. Herre förbarma tig ... [32r] ... tackom och låfwom herra.

Fols. 32r–40v, <hi rend="italic">sequentiarium</hi> in Latin, with Discubuit Jesus, O sacrum convivium, Collegerunt pontifices, Unus autem ex ipsis, Christus resurgens, Dicant nunc judaei, Gloria laus et honor, Victimae paschali laudes, Jesus Christus han är worden (Victimae paschali laudes in Swedish), Jesus Christus vhrix meille (Victimae paschali laudes in Finnish after Jacobus Finno, Kurvinen 1929, 290 no. 62), Salve festa dies, Laetabundus (defect), Caicki Christityt iloitcan tällä Juhlalla, Haleluia (Laetabundus in Finnish after Jacobus Finno; Kurvinen 1929, 282 no. 49; defect.) and Alle christne frögde sig (Laetabundus in Swedish; defect.).

[32r] Discubuit Iesus et discipuli ... [33r] ... sicut erat in principio. Dices hic est sanguis. O sacrum convivium ... pignus datur, Alleluja. COLLEGErunt pontifices et pharisaei ... [33v] ... credent in eum. UNUS autem ex ipsis ... [34r] ... locum et gentem. CHRISTUS resurgens ex mortuis ... Alleluja, Alleluja. DICANT nunc judaei ... [34v] ... adorent nobiscum dicentes. GLORIA laus et honor ... [35r] ... Gloria laus et. [35v] VICTIME paschali laudes ... [36r] ... rex miserere, Alleluja. Jesus Christus han är worden ... [36v] ... öfer döden, alleluja. Jesus Christus uhrix meillä ... [37r] ... woiton hänen pällens. Alleluia. [37v] Salve festa dies ... [38r] ... ad ima ruit. Salve. Laetabundus exultet fidelis ... [38v] ... fit corrupta. Caedrus | [39r] ... [syn]dyi mailman neidzest wagast ... [40r] ... ramat sen kyllä osotta, alleluja. Alle christne frögda sigh ... [40v] ... nådh beteedt lijfzens |

Fols. 41r–42v, 43br–v, 43r–v, 44r–56v, <hi rend="italic" >hymnarium</hi> in Latin, with Summi largitor praemii (defect.), Jam Christe sol justiciae, Coeperit faustis avibus, Vexilla regis prodeunt, Pange lingua (defect.), Vita sanctorum, decus Angelorum; Quem terra, pontus, aethera (defect.); Ad coenam agni providi, Aurora lucis rutilat, Jesu nostra redemptio, Tu Christe nostrum gaudium (without notation), Festum nunc caelebre, Beata nobis gaudia, Jam Christus astra ascenderat (without notation), Veni Creator Spiritus, Cedit hyems eminus, Quando Christus ascenderat, Adesto sancta Trinitas, O Trinitas laudabilis, Urbs beata Jerusalem, Angulare fundamentum lapis Christus (imperf.?), Lux aurea roseo (imperf.), Aeterna gratias tibi dicamus, Quam laeta perfert, Deus tuorum militum, O Deus magni fabricator, Dicimus grates tibi, O lux beata Trinitas, Te lucis ante terminum (without notation), Nocte surgentes vigilemus, Rerum Deus tenax, Rector potens verax (without notation), Deus creator omnium, Jesu redemptor saeculi, Jam lucis orto sidere, Nunc sanctae nobis (without notation), Lucis creator optimae, Exultet caelum laudibus, Eterna Christi munera, Sanctorum omnium inclita gaudia, Aeterna Christi munera, Conditor alme siderum, Verbus supernum prodiens, Vox clara ecce intonat, Veni redemptor gentium, A solis ortus cardine (without notation), Herodes hostis impie (without notation), A patre unigenitus (without notation), Christe redemptor omnium and Corde natus (imperf.). A later hand has marked the ends of the hymns by adding an ‘Amen’. Schalin (1946, 56) states that the hymnary could not have been written before the 1560s. The appearance of the hymns collected by Jacobus Finno implies a date after the publication of his hymnary in 1583.

[41r] mundi praeces intende ... per cuncta secula Deus. Jam Christe Sol justiciae ... novum canamus canticam. Caeperit faustis avibus ... [41v] ... svecum latius orbem. Vexilla regis prodeunt ... [42r] ... rege per secula. Pane lingua gloriosi ... [42v] ... miti tendas stipite. [43br] Sola digna tu fu| portum praeparare | sacer cruor per u| Rex | [43bv] | pater mise | qui natus | manet clau | la re | et | in | [43r] Vita sanctorum decus Angelorum ... [43v] ... omni jugiter aevo. Amen. [44r] per tempora /: perfuse caeli gratia ... qui natus es etc. Ad caenam agni provide ... in sempiterna secula [44v] Aurora lucis rutilat ... reddamus omni tempore. Quaesumus autor: Gloria tibi Domine etc. Jesu nostra redemptio ... [45r] ... sempiterna secula. [45v] Tu Christe nostrum gaudium ... Gloria tibi domine. Festum nunc caelebre ... [46r] ... per cuncta pie secula. Beata nobis gaudia ... charisma sancti spiritus. Jam Christus astra ascenderat ... [46v] ... Johelis testimonio. Dudum sacrata: Sit laus patri etc. Veni creator spiritus ... [47r] ... charisma sancti spiritus. Cedit hyems eminus ... [47v] ... choros usque superos. Quando christus ascenderat ... semper retinent, Alleluja Alleluja benedicamus Domino. [48r] Adesto sancta Trinitas ... trino DEO et simplici. O Trinitas laudabilis et unitas mirabilis ... misertus pauper. Laus patri etc. URBS beata Jerusalem ... [48v] per aeterna secula. Angulare fundamentum lapis Christus ... Gloria et honor DEO usque** | [49r] | collocas praeconii sedem ... maximo vero DEO. Eterna gratias tibi dicamus ... [50r] ... malisque cunctis liberet. Quam laeta perfert ... [50v] ... tuas ut praedicet. Deus tuorum militum ... simul paraclito in sempiterna secula. O Deus magni fabricator ... [51r] ... aevi tempore portum. Dicimus grates tibi ... [51v] ... obsecramus pectore toto. O lux beata Trinitas ... in sempiterna secula. Te lucis ante terminum ... cum sancto spiritu. Nocte surgentes vigilemus ... [52r] ... Praestet hoc nobis etc. Rerum Deus tenax ... per omne speculum. Rector potens verax .... pater pijssime etc. Deus creator omnium ... [52v] ... fove precantes Trinitas. Jesu redemptor seculi ... in perpetuum. Jam lucis orto sydere ... [35r] ... per omne speculum. Nunc sanctae nobis ... patrisque compar etc. Lucis creator optime ... patrisque compar etc. Exultet caelum laudibus ... [54r] ... in sempiterna secula. Eterna Christi munera ... in sempiterna secula. Sanctorum omnium inclita gaudia ... [54v] ... per cuncta tibi secula. Aeterna Christi munera ... in sempiterna secula. Conditor alme siderum ... [55r] ... in sempiterna secula. Verbum supernum prodiens ... simus perennes caelites. Vox clara ecce intonat ... [55v] ... nos tunc protegat. Laus honor. Veni redemtor gentium ... in sempiterna secula. A solis ortus cardine ... [56r] ... per omne speculum. Herodes hostis impie ... in sempiterna secula. A patre unigenitus ... [56v] ... apparuisti hodie /: cum. Christe redemtor omnium ... in sempiterna secula. Corde natus ex parentis ... psallant omnes angeli |

Fol. [b].

‘| co | side [verso] |orum | signifi |’

Fols. [c–k], fragments without legible text.

 Paper 1 + 56 + 11 fols. 10 16 8-8,5 12,5-13,5 Modern foliation in pencil in the middle of the lower margins of recto-sides. 1[a]+ III6 + II10 + (III–2)14 + III20 + (V–1)30 + IV38 + (III–3)40 + (IV–1)46 + (IV–1)53 + II56 + (VII–4)[k] + 1[l] On fols. 1–40, catchwords at the end of a page when a word is divided over a page break. Most pages are stained and dirty, and several folia are missing. At the time of the latest rebinding, fols. 39 and 38 switched places. Fol. 43b is torn (only upper left corner extant) and it has been erroneously bound after fol. 43; its proper place should be immediately after fol. 42. One folio is missing between fols. 48 and 49. Fols. [b – k] have been reconstructed to hold diverse small fragments. text and notes in one column on 8 lines (on fols. 41r–56v there are fewer lines of notation and a varying number of text lines), no visible ruling.

Humanist minuscule and a rather formal gothic cursive (for Swedish), by one hand.

 Decadent square notation on four black lines, but on fols. 20r–24r and 47r–v, square mensural notation on four black lines.

Pen-drawn Gothic majuscules for the initials of chants and incipits. The few rubrics are mostly in (a different) black ink, and may be a later addition (see e.g. fol. 25r). The decoration is monochromatic apart from a single initial smudged with red on fol. 32r.

Modern full-leather binding with raised bands. The apparently original full-leather binding has been preserved; it has been eaten by bookworms and is otherwise in a very poor state. The spine has been rebacked with thicker leather than the boards; the boards consist of glued-together notebook pages, apparently connected with the teaching or study of Latin (they contain conjugations of verbs).

A liturgical miscellany, consisting of a <hi rend="italic">tonarium</hi>, parts of a <hi rend="italic">graduale</hi> (including a <hi rend="italic" >kyriale</hi>), <hi rend="italic">sequentiarium</hi> and a <hi rend="italic" >hymnarium</hi>, produced by one scribe, probably for his own use, in the last quarter of the sixteenth century.

Contrary to what the usual title of the manuscript might imply, Michael Michaelis was probably not the book’s copyist, given the difference in appearance between the script of the book and his ownership mark; he may, indeed, have owned the book after Thomas Henrici. The book seems to have come into the hands of a series of priests before finding its way to Rauma.

On fol. 13r:’ Sum Ego Thomas H’, and on fol. 45v ‘sum ego Thomas henrici’, both in a hand of saec. XVI–XVII, in different scripts. There are two candidates for this name, a chaplain in Taivassalo in 1580 (Leinberg 1903, 218) and a curate in Marttila in 1587 and 1589 who died in 1592 (Leinberg 1903, 196; Strandberg 1832, vol. 1, 431).

On the inside of the original covers, in a hand of saec. XVI–XVII: ‘Sum ego Michael Michaelis’. This is probably the chaplain of Naantali attested in 1592 (Leinberg 1903, 158).

On fol. 48r, in a hand of saec. XVII: ‘Sigfridus Mathiae Tammelensis Anno n69’ (the same name also on fols. 47r, 53v, 54v). Of the several known priests with this name none seems to match the date (1669) implied by this ownership mark (see Leinberg 1904, 56, 213, and 47 = Strandberg 1832, vol. 1, 203).

According to Schalin (1946, 55) the book was found in Rauma from where it was brought to the National Library. Fol. [l]v: ‘M2006–16’

Inside the back cover: ‘C.IV.29’.

 K. G. Leinberg, Åbo stifts herdaminne 1554–1640 (Suomen kirkkohistoriallisen seuran toimituksia, vol. 5), Helsingfors 1903. Olav D. Schalin, Kulthistoriska studier till belysande av reformationens genomförande i Finland, vol. 1, Herlsingfors 1946, 55–56. C. H. Strandberg, Åbo stifts herdaminne ifrån Reformationens början till närvarande tid, Åbo 1832. Ilkka Taitto, Documenta Gregoriana. Latinalaisen kirkkolaulun lähteitä Suomessa, Helsinki 1992, 419–421. Encoding added